Charting after birth control pills, long cycle, spotting, late ovulation, rocky temperatures

Pregnant with a boy, PCOS, long cycle, rocky temperatures

Fertility Charting With Shift Work, Inconsistent Wking Time, Short Luteal Phase

Short Luteal Phase, Out of place temperature, Breastfeeding FertilityFriend.com

Victoria's chart while breastfeeding shows an out of place temperature, a short luteal phase and ovulation on cycle day 18. Her chart shows the importance of looking at overall patterns, rather than single data points. The interpretation provides tips for dealing with a short luteal phase and scant cervical fluid around ovulation time.

Pregnancy Chart, Long Cycles & Erratic Temperatures - FertilityFriend.com

Ola's chart shows late ovulation, long cycles, rocky temperatures, pregnancy. Ola's chart shows that ovulation can take you by surprise and happen very late into the cycle. She kept looking for fertile signs and timing intercourse even when it looked like she might not ovulate. She got a positive HPT on cycle day 62. Congratulations!

Good Intercourse Timing, No Pregnancy Fertility Chart

Triphasic Ovulation Chart - Video Interpretation

Part III: Fertility Chart, Detecting Ovulation and Fertile Days - Fertility Friend

Learn how to chart your fertility signs, how to read and interpret a fertility chart and how to identify your ovulation date and fertile days by observing and recording your basal body temperature and cervical fluid observations. See how recording your fertility signs can show you when you ovulate, which days you can get pregnant, when you can expect a positive pregnancy test and how to find your most fertile days in your menstrual cycle

Part II: Fertility Signs, Hormones, Ovulation & Fertile Days - Fertility Friend

Learn how your fertility hormones, estrogen and progesterone, relate to fertility signs that can show you what is happening throughout your menstrual cycle. Understand how to observe your cervical fluid and basal body temperature signs and how to use these signs to find your ovulation date and fertile days and create a fertility chart to help you get pregnant faster

Part I: Ovulation, Fertile Days & Getting Pregnant - Fertility Friend

Learn how fertility charting can help you to find your most fertile days and your ovulation date to maximize conception chances while trying to conceive. Determine which days in your menstrual cycle give you the best chance of getting pregnant.

One Born Every Minute S03E14

Tonight, One Born witnesses the emotional end of a lifetime’s career for one long-serving midwife.
Linda Abbott has been a midwife for 38 years, but her career is coming to an end. Aged 60, she’s retiring from her post. She’s held in high esteem by the other midwives, who refer to her deferentially as “Mrs” Abbott. She reminisces about the old days and even remembers delivering several generations of some families.

One Born Every Minute S03E13

A celebrity adds a touch of glamour to the delivery suite this week.
TV presenter Myleene Klass opens a new birthing pool and causes a stir on the maternity ward. Delivery Suite Manager Gail Wright has to rehearse her speech and gets all in a dither about how to coordinate the grand opening.
Meanwhile, life in the hospital goes on as normal with three very different couples.

One Born Every Minute S03E12

The stress and anxiety surrounding childbirth takes centre stage when two couples who experienced unexpected difficulties during pregnancy arrive at the hospital.

One Born Every Minute S03E11

With Mother’s Day approaching, the importance of strong family values is the theme running through this episode of One Born Every Minute. But the two families and the values they share are very different.

One Born Every Minute S03E10

Three sets of parents demonstrate that family bonds can be forged in wildly different circumstances.

One Born Every Minute S03E09

This week the show takes a look at two different approaches to childbirth. Olga Kozlova doesn’t want her husband anywhere near her as she gives bith whilst Vicki Thompson keeps her man close at hand.

One Born Every Minute S03E08

Hopes and fears about delivering babies provide the theme to tonight’s One Born Every Minute.

One Born Every Minute S03E07

This week features unexpected twins and the tables are turned when one of the midwives herself arrives for labour. Neither mum wants intervention or an epidural; they both want to do it naturally. But Mother Nature can influence even the best-laid birth plans. Julie’s expecting twins and Charlotte is a professional midwife who has delivered dozens of babies… Will their labours pass without complications?

One Born Every Minute S03E06

Every pregnancy and birth is unpredictable and an easy early labour is not necessarily an indication of what happens towards the end. In this week’s episode there’s a serious emergency on the maternity ward when a baby’s shoulders become wedged after the head has been delivered. The condition is called “shoulder dystocia” and occurs in about 1% of natural deliveries.

One Born Every Minute S03E05

This week’s episode explores single-parenthood, with one young mum about to go it alone and another who is starting a family with a new partner after five years of bringing her children up solo.

One Born Every Minute S03E04

This episode features two mothers at opposite ends of the spectrum when it comes to conception and labour. After…

One Born Every Minute S03E03

This episode meets mums who break the rules, defy convention and arrive at motherhood in very individual ways…

One Born Every Minute S03E02

Two women are approaching the pain of childbirth in very different ways. One mum, who experienced a traumatic first…

One Born Every Minute S03E01

An expectant father is desperate to see his baby being born this week. Soldier Shaun is about to start a six-month tour of duty in Afghanistan and his daughter is due any time now. Shaun only has another two days left before he has to leave.

How Can I Maximise My Chances of Getting Pregnant?

This method uses the fact that your basal body temperature rises by 0.2-0.4°C after ovulation. To use this method accurately, you have to take your BBT first thing every morning to build up a complete picture of your cycle.

Because it charts temperature rise after ovulation it can only be used to predict ovulation in the next cycle. That means you have to have a very regular cycle to be able to work out exactly when you will ovulate in the next cycle to make the most of your most fertile days.

It’s also worth bearing in mind that your body temperature can rise for a number of other reasons (including illness, drinking alcohol, hot drinks, movement and restless sleep), which can confuse matters. Also, in around 20% of women, ovulation doesn’t trigger a rise in body temperature.

During your cycle, the type and amount of cervical mucus — a secretion made by glands in your cervix — changes. It can be sticky or stretchy, white or cloudy. By making a note of these changes, you can predict when you will ovulate so you can make love on your most fertile days.

The main advantage of this method is that it gives you a better understanding of your body, making you more aware of the changes your body goes through during a cycle. However, it can take time to learn how to ‘read’ the changes, and your cervical mucus can be influenced by other factors, including infections, sex and some medication.

Ovulation

Whether you are just thinking about trying for a baby, or are actively trying, gaining a better understanding about how your body works can be a big help. In fact one in two couples could be trying to conceive on the wrong days of a woman’s cycle¹ . Therefore we’ve put together some information to help you understand your menstrual cycle and the ovulation process.

Ovulation is the name of the process that happens once in every menstrual cycle when hormone changes trigger your ovaries to release an egg. This usually happens 12 to 16 days before your next period starts.

• The eggs are contained in your ovaries. During the first part of each menstrual cycle, one of the eggs is being prepared for release from the ovary.
• As you approach ovulation, your body produces increasing amounts of a hormone called estrogen, which causes the lining of your uterus to thicken and helps create a sperm friendly environment.
• These high estrogen levels trigger a sudden increase in another hormone called LH (luteinising hormone). The so-called LH surge causes the release of the egg from the ovary and you’re ovulating.
• Ovulation normally occurs 24 to 36 hours after the LH surge, which is why LH is a good predictor for peak fertility.

The egg can be fertilised for up to 24 hours after ovulation. If it isn’t fertilised the lining of the womb is shed and your period begins. This marks the start of the next cycle.

While an egg is only viable for about 24 hours, sperm can remain active for up to five days. It may therefore be surprising to learn that a couple can conceive through sexual intercourse four to five days before the egg is released.

Understanding your menstrual cycle

Getting pregnant can all depend on timing. If you want to find out when you’re most fertile, it’s important to get to know your own body and your menstrual cycle.
To calculate the length of your cycle, count the number of days from the first day of your menstrual bleed to the day before the next bleed starts.
The cycle length may vary from woman to woman and from cycle to cycle and typically varies between 23 and 35 days.

Ovulation Tests

There are a number of ways that you can find out when you are ovulating but one of the most simple and accurate is by using home ovulation tests such as Clearblue Ovulation Tests and the Clearblue Fertility Monitor.

Clearblue Ovulation Test or Clearblue Digital Ovulation Test help you pinpoint the best 2 days to conceive naturally by detecting your LH surge.

The Clearblue Fertility Monitor almost doubles your chances of conceiving. It not only detects the LH surge and pinpoints your 2 Peak Fertility days, but can also identify the additional fertile days leading up to ovulation, by detecting the rise in estrogen that occurs before your LH surge.

Colposcopy and Cervical Biopsy

Test Overview

Colposcopy is a way for your doctor to use a special magnifying device to look at your vulva, vagina, and cervix. If a problem is seen during colposcopy, a small sample of tissue (biopsy) may be taken from the cervix or from inside the opening of the cervix (endocervical canal). The sample is looked at under a microscope.

Colposcopy is usually done to look at the vagina and cervix when the result of a Pap test is abnormal. Most abnormal Pap tests are caused by viral infections, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, or other types of infection, such as those caused by bacteria, fungi (yeast), or protozoa (Trichomonas). Natural cervical cell changes (atrophic vaginitis) related to menopause can also cause an abnormal Pap test. In some cases, untreated cervical cell changes that cause abnormal Pap tests may progress to precancerous or cancerous changes.
During colposcopy, your doctor uses a lighted magnifying device that looks like a pair of binoculars (colposcope). The colposcope allows your doctor to see problems that would be missed by the naked eye. A camera can be attached to the colposcope to take pictures or videos of the vagina and cervix.
Your doctor may put vinegar (acetic acid) and sometimes iodine (Lugol's solution) on the vagina and cervix with a cotton swab or cotton balls to see problem areas more clearly.

Colposcopy is done to:

• Look at the cervix for problem areas when a Pap test was abnormal. If an area of abnormal tissue is found during colposcopy, a cervical biopsy or a biopsy from inside the opening of the cervix (endocervical canal) is usually done.
• Check a sore or other problem (such as genital warts) found on or around the vagina and cervix.
• Follow up on abnormal areas seen on a previous colposcopy. Colposcopy can also be done to see if treatment for a problem worked.
• Look at the cervix for problem areas if an HPV test shows a high-risk type of HPV is present. 

How To Prepare

Tell your doctor if you:

• Are or might be pregnant. A blood or urine test may be done before the colposcopy to see whether you are pregnant. Colposcopy is safe during pregnancy. If a cervical biopsy is needed during a colposcopy, the chance of any harm to the pregnancy (such as miscarriage) is very small. But you may have more bleeding from the biopsy. A colposcopy may be repeated about 6 weeks after delivery.
• Are taking any medicines.
• Are allergic to any medicines.
• Have had bleeding problems or take blood thinners, such as ASA or warfarin (such as Coumadin).
• Have been treated for a vaginal, cervical, or pelvic infection.

Do not have sexual intercourse or put anything into your vagina for 24 hours before a colposcopy. This includes douches, tampons, and vaginal medicines. You will empty your bladder just before your colposcopy.
You may want to take a pain reliever, such as ibuprofen (Advil or Motrin), 30 to 60 minutes before having a colposcopy, especially if a biopsy may be done. This can help decrease any cramping pain that can be caused by the colposcopy.
Schedule your colposcopy for when you are not having your period. Heavy bleeding makes it harder for your doctor to see your cervix. The best time to schedule a colposcopy is during the early part of your menstrual cycle, 8 to 12 days after the start of your last menstrual period.
You will need to sign a consent form that says you understand the risks of colposcopy and agree to have the colposcopy done. Talk to your doctor about any concerns you have regarding the need for the colposcopy, its risks, how it will be done, or what the results will mean.

 How It Is Done

Colposcopy is usually done by a gynecologist. In some clinics, a family doctor or a general practitioner may do the test. If a biopsy is done, the sample will be looked at by a pathologist. Colposcopy can be done in your doctor's office.
You will need to take off your clothes below the waist. You will be given a covering to drape around your waist. You will then lie on your back on an examination table with your feet raised and supported by foot rests (stirrups).
Your doctor will put an instrument with smooth, curved blades (speculum) into your vagina. The speculum gently spreads apart the vaginal walls so your doctor can see inside the vagina and the cervix. See a picture of a pelvic examination with a speculum.
The colposcope is moved near your vagina and your doctor looks through the microscope at the vagina and cervix. Vinegar (acetic acid) or iodine (Lugol's solution) may be used on your cervix to make abnormal areas more visible. Photographs or videos of the vagina and cervix may be taken.
If areas of abnormal tissue are found on the cervix, your doctor will take a small sample (cervical biopsy) of the tissue. Usually several samples are taken. The samples are looked at under a microscope for changes in the cells that may mean cancer may be present or is likely to develop. If bleeding occurs, a special liquid (Monsel's) or silver nitrate swab may be used on the biopsy area to stop the bleeding.
If a sample of tissue is needed from inside the opening of the cervix (the endocervical canal), a test called endocervical curettage (ECC) will be done. Since the endocervical canal cannot be seen by the colposcope, a small sharp-edged tool called a curette is gently put into the endocervical canal to take a sample. ECC takes less than a minute to do and may cause mild cramping. An ECC is not done during pregnancy.
Colposcopy and a cervical biopsy usually take about 15 minutes.

How It Feels

You may feel some discomfort when the vaginal speculum is inserted. You may feel a pinch and have some cramping if a biopsy sample is taken.

Risks

In rare cases, a cervical biopsy can cause an infection or bleeding. Bleeding can usually be stopped by using a special liquid or swab on the area.

After the test

If you have a biopsy, you may feel some soreness in your vagina for a day or two. Some vaginal bleeding or discharge is normal for up to a week after a biopsy. The discharge may be dark-coloured if Monsel's solution was used. You can use a sanitary pad for the bleeding. Do not douche, have sex, or use tampons for one week, to allow time for your cervix to heal. Do not exercise for one day after your colposcopy.
Follow any instructions your doctor gave you. Call your doctor if you have:

• Heavy vaginal bleeding (more than a normal menstrual period).
• A fever.
• Belly pain.
• Bad-smelling vaginal discharge.

Results

Colposcopy is a way for your doctor to use a special magnifying device to look at your vulva, vagina, and cervix.
Your doctor will talk to you about what he or she sees at the time of the colposcopy. Lab results from a biopsy may take several days or more.

What Affects the Test

Reasons you may not be able to have the colposcopy or why the results may not be helpful include:

• If you have sexual intercourse up to 24 hours before the colposcopy.
• The use of douches, tampons, or vaginal creams or medicines up to 24 hours before the colposcopy.
• If you are having a menstrual period at the time of the colposcopy.
• If a vaginal or cervical infection is present.
• If you have gone through menopause. Hormonal changes may make it hard to see the cervical canal clearly. 

What To Think About

• Colposcopy is not usually used as a screening test for women at high risk for cervical cancer. A Pap test is done for that purpose. But a colposcopy gives you and your doctor more information if you have an abnormal result from a Pap test.
• If a colposcopy and cervical biopsy are normal, it is not likely that you have cell changes that can lead to cervical cancer. But your doctor may still want you to have Pap tests more often for a period of time.
• Another biopsy may be needed if a Pap test, colposcopy, and cervical biopsy show different results.
• Women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a higher chance of developing cervical cancer. A colposcopy is usually recommended for women with HIV and an abnormal Pap test.

Wellman® Conception

	When couples decide to try for a family, it is not only women who should look after their diet and lifestyle in order to maintain their health and support conception.  Introducing Vitabiotics Wellman® Conception Wellman® Conception forms part of the Vitabiotics Wellman® range, the UK's number 1 men's supplement brand. Many men now recognise the importance of getting themselves in shape and adopting a healthier lifestyle when trying for a baby and Wellman® Conception recognises that men have reproductive health needs of their own. Wellman® Conception has been developed to provide a comprehensive combination of vitamins and minerals and bio-active nutrients to help support all round health and vitality, as well as specific nutrients which have been chosen for their role in fertility and reproduction. One tablet should be taken daily as an integral part of a healthy lifestyle, ideally three months before trying to conceive, while, at the same time, Pregnacare® Conception has been specially designed for your partner with vitamin B12 essential minerals and 400mcg folic acid. Nutritional support for fertility Wellman® Conception is a comprehensive formulation with specific nutrients, including zinc which contributes to normal fertility and reproduction. Zinc and vitamin C also contribute to the protection of cells from oxidative stress, an important consideration for healthy sperm production as sperm can be damaged by free radicals. These nutrients also help contribute to the normal function of the immune system. Zinc is arguably one of the most important minerals for the male reproductive system as semen contains 100 times more zinc than is found in the blood. In fact each ejaculate contains around 5mg of zinc; one half of the whole recommended daily nutrient intake, therefore 15mg of zinc has been included within the formulation. Conception and Spermatogenesis Vitamin B6 contributes to the regulation of hormonal activity, zinc and vitamin B6 also contributes to the maintenance of normal testosterone levels in the blood and selenium contributes to normal spermatogenesis. Folate, iron, magnesium and vitamin B12 have a role in cell division, plus vitamin A, which has a role in the process of cell specialisation. For all round health and vitality Vitamins B12 and B6 along with copper and iron contribute to normal energy release. Folate, vitamin B6 and riboflavin (vit. B2) contribute to normal red blood cell formation as well as iron, which supports normal formation of haemoglobin which carries oxygen and blood to the reproductive organs. Vitamins B12 and B6 are also needed to help maintain the normal functioning of the nervous system. The formula also includes other key nutrients; Peruvian MACA Extract, Co-Q10, Lycopene, Siberian Ginseng Extract and Pine Bark Extract.

Pregnacare® Conception

	The makers of Pregnacare®, the UK's leading pregnancy supplement, have developed Pregnacare® Conception specially formulated to help support a healthy conception for women who are trying for a baby.
	Expert care while trying for a baby Now you have decided to try for a baby, you want to prepare your body and ensure a healthy diet and lifestyle to maximise your chances of conception. Pregnacare® Conception formula has been developed on the basis of worldwide studies showing that certain nutrients can play an important role in helping to build nutritional stores ready for pregnancy and support good reproductive health. Pregnacare® Conception provides a carefully balanced comprehensive formulation of micronutrients including the specific nutrients inositol, l-arginine, n-acetyl cysteine and selenium. The formula also includes vitamin B12 and folic acid at 400mcg, the exact recommended level by the Department of Health. Ideal for all women to help build nutritional stores for before conception, the formula includes key nutritional elements: Recommended Folic Acid level Pregnacare® Conception provides 400mcg folic acid, the exact level recommended by the Department of Health for all women who are trying to conceive. As well as playing a role in the process of cell division, folic acid also contributes to maternal tissue growth during pregnancy. Female reproductive health Certain nutrients can play a role in helping support reproductive health in women. Pregnacare® Conception includes zinc which contributes to normal fertility and reproduction whilst vitamin B6 contributes to the regulation of hormonal activity. The formula also includes vitamin B12, iron, magnesium and vitamin D which contribute to normal cell division. All-round nutritional support Pregnacare® Conception provides all round support with additional nutrients including biotin & copper which contribute to normal energy release and iron which contributes to the normal function of the immune system & formation of red blood cells and haemoglobin. B-complex vitamins are also important to help maintain the normal functioning of the nervous system. The formula also includes other key nutrients; L-Arginine, Inositol, N-Acetyl Cycteine and Betacarotene.

Pregnacare® Original

	Pregnacare® is the most popular and trusted prenatal supplement by mums to safeguard the diet of those who are planning for pregnancy or are already pregnant. A scientifically developed formulation of 19 important vitamins and minerals, Pregnacare® contains vitamin B12 and folic acid at exactly the level recommended by the Department of Health. Pregnacare® has been carefully developed by experts so that all ingredient levels are within safe levels for pregnancy and are moderate rather than excessive. Important: Some pregnancy formulas do not include the exact 10 mcg vitamin D, as recommended by the Department of Health of all pregnant and breastfeeding women. Recommended level of 400mcg folic acid The Department of Health recommends women planning a baby should take a supplement containing 400mcg of folic acid from the start of trying to conceive until the 12th week of pregnancy. This is the exact amount of folic acid contained in Pregnacare®. Folic Acid is also beneficial beyond 12 weeks as it contributes to maternal tissue growth during pregnancy. More than folic acid alone - with B12 and key minerals Many studies show the importance of ensuring the correct intake of various vitamins and minerals throughout the entire pregnancy and as part of an aftercare plan. Pregnacare® provides a range of nutrients for overall support, all at sensible, carefully balanced levels. Some pregnancy multivitamins lack all the important basic minerals such as essential zinc and iron, however with Pregnacare® you can be sure of the minerals you need to safeguard the diet, all at sensible, moderate levels. Pregnacare® avoids high dose iron which is not recommended Unlike many prenatal iron supplements, Pregnacare® has been specifically formulated with an ideal, moderate level of iron. High levels of iron are not recommended unless there is a particular requirement as identified by your healthcare professional. Before conception Pregnacare® is recommended before conception to build up the stores of nutrients such as iron in women who are trying for a baby. Good nutrition is important to help prepare a woman's body for the additional demands placed on it during pregnancy. Certain nutrients, like folic acid, vitamin B12 and zinc are also of particular importance from the very first moment of conception. Zinc contributes to normal fertility and reproduction whilst vitamin B12 contributes to normal red blood cell formation and also has a role in the process of cell division. For all of pregnancy Good nutritional intake is vital throughout pregnancy, not just the first 12 weeks. Pregnacare provides essential nutrients throughout pregnancy including folic acid which plays an important role during the full nine months, such as contributing to normal blood formation. You can start taking Pregnacare at any point during pregnancy. Specially formulated by experts Optimum nutrition is valuable during breast-feeding, to assist the production of nutritious breast milk and to help replace a mother's reserves of vitamins and minerals, which may be reduced. Zinc is important for milk production and vitamin K is important to help the baby maintain healthy levels of blood clotting proteins. Antioxidant vitamins in breast milk, such as vitamin E, may also be important for the baby's immune system..

Pregnacare® Max

	The ultimate pregnancy support in the Pregnacare® range Pregnacare® Max offers the ultimate formula in the range for mums-to-be who want the maximum nutritional support from Pregnacare. This advanced formula helps to safeguard daily intake of important nutrients during pregnancy. The dual pack provides 400µg (0.4mg) folic acid, incorporating the special, readily bioavailable form L- Methylfolate, together with other essential vitamins and minerals, including 10µg vitamin D and 500mg Calcium. The pack also contains a 300mg Omega-3 DHA capsule for normal foetal brain & eye development**. Pregnacare Max tablets have been carefully formulated by experts to safeguard nutritional requirements during all of pregnancy. Pregnacare Max is the 'next generation formula' and provides 400µg folic acid daily, the exact level recommended by the UK Department of Health. With L-Methylfolate, a specially efficient form of folic acid, making this the ultimate formula in the Pregnacare range. It is important to follow the directions and take the recommended TWO Pregnacare Max tablets per day, to ensure that you obtain the recommended level of 400µg folate (folic acid). Provides a daily intake of 10µg Vitamin D as recommended by the UK Department of Health for all pregnant and breast-feeding women. Important: some pregnancy formulas do not include the exact 10mcg vitamin D, as recommended by the Department of Health for all pregnant and breastfeeding women. Produced in Britain to high GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) quality standards. Plus High Purity Omega-3 capsule Research increasingly shows the importance of essential fatty acids in the development of babies and infants. Each capsule provides 300mg DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid), the level recommended by international experts†† (ISSFAL). Maternal intake of DHA contributes to normal foetal brain and eye development.** High quality GMP grade fish oil, produced in Norway. A special, carefully balanced range of nutrients for pregnancy Comprehensive formula Special nutritional support with L-Methylfolate, a readily available form of Folic Acid. At Recommended levels Provides the UK Department of Health daily recommended levels of 400µg Folic Acid and 10µg Vitamin D. Brain & eye development With 300mg DHA to contribute to normal foetal brain and eye development**. Bone health Includes 500mg Calcium with supporting nutrients, Vitamin D3 and Magnesium. Blood formation Iron and vitamin B-Complex to help contribute to normal red blood cell formation. Supporting range of nutrients Wide range of supporting micro-nutrients including Inositol, L-Arginine and Natural Mixed Carotenoids.

Pregnacare® Cream

	To gently protect stretching skin Pregnacare® Cream is a gentle massage cream, specially formulated to care for stretching skin during pregnancy. Stretch marks can appear anywhere on the body where the skin has been stretched. They occur when the lower layer of the skin containing collagen and elastin, which give our skin its elasticity, becomes damaged by a rapid weight loss or weight gain, such as in pregnancy. The purple appearance of the stretch mark on the skin is caused by the small blood vessels beneath the surface, which become more visible with stretching. Unique caring formula Pregnacare® Cream's unique formula contains vitamins C and E and botanical extracts such as natural extract of Calendula and Evening Primrose Oil, which together gently protect, nourish and moisturise stretching skin. Safe and effective during and after pregnancy Pregnacare® Cream is safe and effective during the months of pregnancy and may be continued to be applied after giving birth, to help the contracting skin to stay supple. User trials In UK trials with pregnant women, 73% of the women reported that their skin was suppler after just two weeks of applying Pregnacare® Cream. Pregnacare® Cream is suitable for women who wish to protect their stretching skin during pregnancy and their contracting skin after giving birth. Pregnacare® Cream has been dermatologically tested and was developed without testing on animals. Pregnacare® Cream contains no artificial colours or preservatives.

Pregnacare® Breast-Feeding

	A healthy, varied diet is vital for new mothers, to help produce nutritious breast milk and maintain their own health during the postnatal period. Pregnacare® Breast-feeding is an all-in-one pack, formulated with key specific ingredients for the postnatal period, including essential fatty acids such as DHA. Maternal breast-feeding is strongly recommended for the newborn baby as it provides essential nutrients and antibodies for long term health. Why take Pregnacare® Breast-feeding? The formula provides the ideal follow-on product for mums after childbirth, as part of the complete Pregnacare® range from conception to breast-feeding. Pregnacare® Breast-feeding is carefully formulated by experts, with essential vitamins, minerals and DHA, to help support all-round health and vitality including iron which contributes to normal energy release. Pregnacare® Breast-feeding can also be taken as a general postnatal supplement for 6-9 months following childbirth, to replace depleted nutrients and assist the body following pregnancy, even if you are not breast-feeding. For mothers who avoid dairy products, the formula also contains calcium which is needed for the maintenance of normal bones. Pregnacare® Breast-feeding contains the recommended 10mcg vitamin D3, the full RNI of 700mg calcium and 300mg DHA, the exact level recommended by international experts*. Careful support without excessive levels Pregnacare® Breast-feeding has been specially formulated by experts to provide sensible, balanced levels of vitamins and minerals. All ingredients have been included on the basis of scientific research with ideal amounts for breast-feeding. Pregnacare® Breast-feeding provides: Postnatal micronutrient tablets 700mg calcium, vitamin K & D3 and magnesium which contribute to the maintenance of normal bone. Vitamin B6, niacin (vit. B3), iron and magnesium which contribute to normal energy release. Includes the recommended level of 10mcg vitamin D3 as recommended by the Department of Health for all women while breast-feeding. High Purity Omega-3 capsule Each capsule provides 300mg DHA, the level recommended by international experts for mums during lactation*. Maternal intake of DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid) contributes to the normal brain and eye development of breast-fed infants**. Infants have limited capability to synthesize fatty acids, which therefore must be obtained direct from external sources such as the mother's milk. During breast-feeding, the infant's brain continues to take up DHA and 15% of brain growth occurs after birth. Contains the purest pharmaceutical grade fish oil, produced in Norway.

Pregnacare® New Mum

Comprehensive post-natal care for new mothers Pregnacare® New Mum provides a carefully balanced, comprehensive formulation of micronutrients to help support the nutritional requirements of new mothers throughout the postnatal period. The advanced formula provides nutrients including B vitamins to contribute to reduction of fatigue plus skin & hair health after pregnancy. The formulation also includes ingredients such as Marine Collagen, Citrus Bioflavonoids and Grape Seed Extract, plus essential vitamins and minerals. The health of our skin and hair will vary over the course of our lives and perhaps the time you will notice the greatest changes will be after pregnancy and childbirth. Hair Health The changes which occur throughout pregnancy and after childbirth may have an impact on hair condition. Having a healthy head of hair and a healthy scalp begins with the proper nutritional building blocks. Supplementation can therefore play an important role in safeguarding an individual's nutritional intake after childbirth. Skin Health Your body may experience hormonal changes and stress brought on by new parenthood which may affect your skin along with the rest of your body. Pregnacare New Mum includes B vitamins such as biotin and niacin (vitamin B3) which contribute to the maintenance of normal skin health, as well as vitamin C, zinc, iodine and copper. All Round Health & Energy Release Pregnacare New Mum contains B complex vitamins, including vitamin B2, B3, B12, pantothenic acid, folic acid and biotin to help support normal energy release, especially important following childbirth. Vitamin B6, B12 and folic acid also contribute to the normal formation of red blood cells, plus iron which contributes to the normal formation of haemoglobin, which helps to transport oxygen around the body. When is Pregnacare® New Mum recommended? An ideal postnatal supplement for the months following childbirth, to help safeguard intake of nutrients following pregnancy. Can be taken whether or not you are breast-feeding. (Please note that Pregnacare® Breast-feeding has also been developed for the specific breastfeeding period, and may be used instead of Pregnacare® New Mum while breastfeeding.

What is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome is the name given to a condition in which women with polycystic ovaries also have one or more additional symptoms. It was first ‘discovered’ in 1935 by Doctors Stein and Leventhal, so for many years it was known as the Stein-Leventhal syndrome.

The term polycystic ovaries describes ovaries that contain many small cysts (about twice as many as in normal ovaries), usually no bigger than 8 millimetres each, located just below the surface of the ovaries. These cysts are egg-containing follicles that have not developed properly due to a number of hormonal abnormalities.

Polycystic ovaries (PCO) are very common, affecting around 20 per cent of women. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is also very common, affecting 5–10 per cent of women.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS):

• affects millions of women in the UK and worldwide
• runs in families
• is one of the leading causes of fertility problems in women
• if not properly managed, can lead to additional health problems in later life
• can affect a woman’s appearance and self-esteem.

Although PCOS is treatable, it cannot be cured.

Symptome of PCOS

PCOS affects women in different ways, so not all women will have all these symptoms. Some women may have only mild symptoms, while others may have a wider range of more severe symptoms. 

Symptoms can include:

• irregular periods, or a complete lack of periods
• rregular ovulation, or no ovulation at all
• reduced fertility – difficulty becoming pregnant, recurrent miscarriage
• unwanted facial or body hair (hirsutism)
• oily skin, acne
• thinning hair or hair loss from the scalp (alopecia)
• weight problems – being overweight, rapid weight gain, difficulty losing weight
• depression and mood changes.

Symptoms usually start in adolescence, although some women do not develop them until their early to mid twenties.  The condition has long-term health implications as women with PCOS may have an increased risk of developing diabetes and heart disease.

Verity aims to help you understand your condition, to manage your symptoms and support you through what can be a lonely and emotional time.

What Causes PCOS

The symptoms of PCOS are associated with abnormalities in some of the hormones that control the menstrual cycle. These abnormalities typically include: higher than normal levels of LH and of androgens, and below normal levels of FSH and progesterone. The most important androgen is testosterone, which is oroduced by all women from the ovaries. Testosterone is a normal and essential product of the ovary because most of it is converted, within the ovarian follicle, to oestrogen, which is the main female hormone. 

Women with PCOS produce higher than average amounts of testosterone from the ovaries, and it is this that results in many of the symptoms of the condition. Testosterone is often thought of as a ‘male hormone’, but this is not the case – it is just that men produce 10 times as much testosterone as women. Women with PCOS usually have a testosterone measurement that is either slightly above the female range or at the upper end of the normal range for women.

It is also thought that another hormone – insulin – may be involved in the development of PCOS. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas to regulate the level of glucose in the blood. Many women with PCOS have been found to have a condition known as insulin resistance, in which the body’s tissues are resistant to the effects of insulin (particularly on the ability of insulin to get glucose into muscle tissue), so the body has to produce more insulin to compensate. It seems that these high levels of insulin then affect the ovaries, contributing to the abnormal hormone environment.

Doctors do not yet fully understand what causes these hormonal abnormalities. It may be that there are several causes, which could explain why different women have such different symptoms. Much research is still going on in this area. It is currently thought that there is a hereditary link, whereby some women inherit a greater chance of having PCOS, but whether or not these women actually develop PCOS depends on a number of additional factors. These factors include diet and lifestyle.

What are the health risks of PCOS

The ‘cysts’ in polycystic ovaries are not harmful, do not require surgical removal and do not lead to ovarian cancer. However, the abnormal menstrual cycles in some women with PCOS can make them more susceptible to certain health problems in later life.

Women who have very infrequent periods – fewer than four a year – may have an increased risk of developing endometrial cancer, if the womb lining (endometrium) becomes too thick. Fortunately, this type of cancer is still quite rare and the risk can be minimised, and probably eliminated, by using appropriate treatments to regulate periods. Possible treatments include the oral contraceptive pill (either combined pill or mini pill), progestogen tablets or a progestogen releasing coil.

Women with PCOS who have insulin resistance have an increased risk of developing a type of diabetes known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes (type 2 diabetes). This is much more likely to occur in women who are overweight, but can sometimes occur in women of normal weight too.

Women with insulin resistance may also be at risk of developing heart disease in later life. However, although risk factors for heart disease may be increased with PCOS, there is, as yet, no clear evidence that heart attacks are more common in women with the condition than in those who do not have PCOS. These risks can be reduced to a large extent by preventive measures such as good nutrition and exercise. Preventive measures are particularly important for women who are very overweight, and for women who have a family history of diabetes or heart disease.

Diagnosing PCOS

PCOS affects women in different ways, so not all women will have all the related PCOS symptoms. Some women may have only mild symptoms, while others may have a wider range of more severe symptoms.

PCOS is usually diagnosed using a combination of an ultrasound scan to check for polycystic ovaries and blood tests to detect hormonal abnormalities. Your doctor should also check your blood pressure level and, if you are overweight, your blood sugar level. Once a diagnosis has been made, your doctor may refer you to a specialist – usually a gynaecologist (a doctor specialising in caring for a woman’s reproductive system) or an endocrinologist (a doctor specialising in the hormonal system).

How to treat PCOS

Medical treatments cannot currently offer a ‘cure’ for PCOS, so they tend to be aimed at managing the symptoms. The good news is that many of the symptoms and the health risks can be managed successfully without medical intervention, through good nutrition, exercise and adopting a generally healthy lifestyle.

Long term health risks with PCOS

The main long-term health risks to be aware of with PCOS are endometrial cancer (cancer of the womb lining) and type 2 diabetes.

Endometrial cancer develops over several years if the womb lining (endometrium) is not lost regularly. With periods every few weeks, your risk is low; if, however, you have less than two or three periods a year, there is an increased risk, which needs to be dealt with. Your doctor can prescribe a low-dose contraceptive pill or progesterone tablets every few months to bring on a period and clear the womb lining from your body You don’t need to have an induced period every month, either – once every three months seems to be sufficient. If you are worried because you have not had a period for over a year, your doctor can arrange an ultrasound scan to check that the womb lining is normal.

Type 2 diabetes is more common in women with PCOS than women without it. It occurs because there is too much sugar (glucose) in the bloodstream. Untreated, this causes damage to your organs. Many women with PCOS are insulin resistant, which means they are making a lot of insulin to keep their blood sugar down to a normal level. These high levels of insulin can lead to weight gain, irregular periods, infertility, higher levels of testosterone – many of the symptoms of PCOS – and a greater risk of diabetes. You can reduce this risk by improving your insulin resistance, which means getting fitter and losing weight – even small amounts of weight loss can help. Your GP should check for early signs of diabetes, perhaps on a yearly basis. This is particularly important if you are overweight or have diabetes in your family. You may also be prescribed an insulin-sensitising medication such as metformin.

Heart disease is another long-term health risk with PCOS. Women with PCOS, especially if they are overweight, can have unhealthy amounts of fats in their bloodstream, which may increase the risk of heart disease and stroke. It makes sense to have your fasting blood-fat levels checked so that if they are high you can improve your diet and fitness to reduce them. If you are a smoker, it is vital that you stop – ask your GP for advice. Your GP may treat you with statins to lower your blood-fat levels and may also be able to prescribe nicotine-replacement therapy.

Talk to your Doctor

Your doctor should be your first port of call if you suspect you have PCOS. Work with them to build up a good relationship, and remember that your GP can only help you if you talk to them openly about all your symptoms, no matter how embarrassing these may seem.

Book a double appointment so you have plenty of time to talk, and perhaps take along a friend or relative for support. Write a PCOS Diary, including notes on your symptoms, frequency of periods and any particular concerns you have. Stay calm, describe your symptoms and discuss the options.

If you have not yet been diagnosed, your doctor should refer you for blood tests and an ultrasound scan to rule out other conditions which could be causing the symptoms, such as thyroid problems.

You may be referred to a specialist, such as an endocrinologist, obstetrician, gynaecologist or dietician, and your doctor should be happy to discuss regular screening for risk factors such as endometrial cancer, diabetes and heart disease. If at any time you are unhappy with what is offered, remember that you have the right to a second opinion. If your doctor is really unhelpful, change your doctor.

Bear in mind that there is no ‘magic bullet’ cure for PCOS. It responds best to a ‘whole body’ approach, which means that whatever medication you may decide to take, you also need to make some lifestyle changes, including improving your diet and activity levels. Ask for your doctor’s advice on nutrition, weight control and exercise, and use this action plan to help you.

Manage your stress levels

Stress can make your PCOS symptoms worse: the stress hormones released make your body pump out more testosterone, which can cause more insulin resistance, weight gain, depression, loss of sex drive, irregular periods and bad skin. In the long term, it can increase your risk of diabetes and heart disease – so managing your stress levels is an important part of getting to grips with your PCOS.

Stress is as much about how you see things as what is actually going on. When you have all the time in the world and get caught up in a traffic jam, you are more likely to stay calm; in that same traffic jam and running late for work, you can feel your blood pressure rocketing. The situation has stayed the same – it’s your perception of it that has altered.

So what can you do about your stress levels? First of all, try to identify the underlying reasons. You might assume your stress all due to your PCOS, when in fact it could be an overly-demanding job or a problematic relationship. If there are practical solutions, such as changing jobs or talking to your partner more, explore these; whereas if the stress is down to something you can’t do anything about or which is likely to resolve itself eventually (like a traffic accident causing that jam), then try to forget it. Breathe deeply and slowly, relax your muscles and calm yourself down by breathing deeply and slowly in and out.

• Improve your work/life balance and make sure there is always some ‘me time’ in your day – a ten-minute bath with essential oils and a face pack; a lunchtime walk in the park to get you away from the work environment; a power-nap or chat with a friend on the phone when the baby is asleep
• Get moving – exercise is a very powerful tool for reducing stress levels and boosting ‘feel-good’ endorphins
• Have some fun – laughter is a great tension diffuser
• Get enough sleep – being tired can make you more sensitive to stressful situations
• Improve your diet – cut down on caffeine (its effects actually mimic those of stress), smoking and drinking (the damage they do to your body can make the physical effects of stress worse)
• Use relaxing complementary therapies – acupuncture, reflexology, aromatherapy, massage, yoga, Alexander technique and meditation
• If you feel constantly stressed, talk to your doctor

Seek support

Living with PCOS is easier with when you have good support, both emotional and practical. Get your support network up and running and you’ll find that a problem shared really is a problem halved.

• Be honest with your family and friends: explain to them what PCOS involves and what you are dealing with personally, so that when you need a shoulder to cry on or extra encouragement, they will understand why and be there to give it to you, no questions asked
• Get in touch with other women with PCOS. Talking to people who understand exactly what you are going through and can give you invaluable advice on how to deal with it can be incredibly helpful and reassuring. Verity can help you here: it hosts an email-based support network on its website and runs regular support group meetings with expert speakers; Verity members also run informal local support groups, where you can make contact with other women with PCOS in your area
• Invest in yourself: many women with PCOS find complementary therapies invaluable for helping them to get on top of the symptoms and also to tackle their stress levels. Useful therapies include medical herbs, traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture, reflexology, aromatherapy, homeopathy, ayurveda and nutritional therapy (please tell your GP if you are embarking upon a particular complementary therapy, as some may have interactions with conventional medication)
• Join a support group for help with specific symptoms, such as fertility problems or excess hair. Verity’s website has a list of useful links
• Being supported can give you the confidence to be upfront about PCOS, which can be very positive not only for how you deal with it but also for your relationships and ultimately for your self-esteem

www.verity-pcos.org.uk

General books on PCOS

Pocket PCOS
Author: Christopher Hearn and Shahab S. Mina
ISBN: 1434357147

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): The Facts
Author: Dr Mohgah Elsheikh and Caroline Murphy
ISBN: 0199213682

The Ultimate PCOS Handbook
Author: Colette Harris and Theresa Cheung
ISBN: 0007213255

PCOS: A Woman's Guide to Dealing with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Author: Colette Harris and Dr Adam Carey
ISBN: 0722539754

The PCOS Diet Book
Author: Colette Harris and Theresa Cheung
ISBN: 0007131844
 

PCOS: The Hidden Epidemic
Author: Dr Samuel Thatcher
ISBN: 0944934250

The PCOS Protection Plan
Author: Colette Harris and Theresa Cheung
ISBN: 1401905390

Managing PCOS for Dummies
Author: Gaynor Bussell
ISBN: 0470057947

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Fighting Back!
Author: Angela Kay Dotson
ISBN: 0970502516

The Savvy Woman's Guide to PCOS
Author: Elizabeth Lee Vliet
ISBN: 1933213019
 

Coping with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Author: Christine Craggs-Hinton and Professor Adam Balen
ISBN: 0859699080

What to Do When the Doctor Says It's PCOS
Author: Milton Hammerly and Cheryl Kimball
ISBN: 1592330045

A Guide to the Polycystic Ovary: Its Effects on Health and Fertility
Author: G. Kovacs and J. Smith
ISBN: 1903378060
 

Living with PCOS
Author: Angie Best-Boss
ISBN: 1886039496

A Patient's Guide to PCOS
Author: Walter Futterweit and George Ryan
ISBN: 0805078282
 

Positively PCOS
Author: Amy L. Hansen
ISBN: 1420816241

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Author: Dr John Eden
ISBN: 1741145279

Positive Options for PCOS: Self-Help and Treatment
Author: Christine Craggs-Hinton and Professor Adam Balen
ISBN: 0897934377

PCOS and Your Fertility
Author: Colette Harris and Theresa Cheung
ISBN: 1401902936

The Low GI Guide to Managing PCOS
Author: Professor Jennie Brand Miller, Nadir Farid and Kate Marsh
ISBN: 0340896019
 

The New Glucose Revolution Guide to Living Well with PCOS
Author: Jennie Brand-Miller and Nadir R. Farid
ISBN: 156924457X

The PCOS Diet Cookbook
Author: Nadir Farid and Norene Gilletz
ISBN: 1425119425

The Blue Moons Diary: Take Control of your PMS, PCOS and Endometriosis
Author: Susan Kelsey
ISBN: 0955630924